Jossey-Bass Higher & Adult Education. 2 Introducing the Interactive Model of Program Planning 27. Developing and Planning Programs for Adult Learners. Resources for Effective Program Planning. Amanda Hamilton. Developing and planning programs for adult learners is a process that can be easy or difficult. This may depend on the setting of the program, the audience you are trying to reach, and the goals of your programs. This page will help you as a program planner gain knowledge on the different aspects of developing and program planning. Also, the importance of evaluating the program and program objectives created for the program. The Interactive Model of Program Planning Rosemary Caffarella’s interactive model of program planning provides an interesting approach to creating a model for.
Program Planning Models and Adult Development Theories Using a program planning model to develop programs will guide the planner and their team to planning a successful program. Program Planning models keep planning on track and in the correct direction. Below are two different program planning models which are recognized in the Adult Education field. Ralph Tyler Curriculum Model: 1. Tyler Curriculum Model. Uhland, R. Social policy and adult education program planning: Perspectives on the Tyler and Boyle models. PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning, 3, 6. New Dimensions in Curriculum Development. The Phi Delta Kappan, 4. Interactive Model of Program Planning. Caffarella, R. Planning Programs for Adult Learners: A Practical Guide for Educators, Trainers, and Staff Developers. The Jossey- Bass Higher and Adult Education Series. Jossey- Bass/Pfeiffer, Customer Care Center, 1. Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 4. Adult Development Theories. In order to understand Adult Education and program development and theories one should understand the different theories that apply to adult education is. As stated by Clark and Caffarella (1. Clark, M., & Caffarella, R. Theorizing Adult Development. New Directions For Adult & Continuing Education, 1. Program Planning Check list. While developing programs as you will see from the different program planning models there are multiple areas and check points that need to be meet when developing programs. Below is an example of a program planning check list. A Checklist for Planning Successful Training Programs. Training & Development Journal, 3. Logic models. Below is a link to a Program Development Planning logic model that is used by Cooperative Extension Agents across the country. This logical model highlights the entire planning process from planning to the evaluation stage. Additionally, a link to the Lifelong Education Program Planning model which highlights the learning process overtime. LEEP Model. Program Development and Planning Model. Creating a program budget. Creating a stable budget for a program is one of the major process in the program planning process. Depending on the organization sponsoring the program will depend on where the finances derive from. There are numerous expenses that come with creating a program and keeping track of them is important. Below are some resources to help assist with beginning this process. How to begin creating a budget. Example of budget worksheet Budget Worksheet. Caffarella, R. Preparing Budgets and Marketing Plans. Planning Programs for Adult Learners ( 2nd ed.). San Fransico: Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company. Staying under program budgets. Determining a direction. Focus Groups. According to Forester (1. The individuals who are a part of the planning process is vital to program development by determining what the program should focus on. Learning to adapt to situations and to negotiate with stake- holders is an important part of program development. Building a Strong Base of Support. Planning Programs for Adult Learners ( 2nd ed.). San Fransico: Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 1. Creating a high performance team. Needs Assessment. Before beginning the development and planning of a program, a program planner will need to identify the subject of the program. This can be accomplished by a needs assessment in the workplace, community, or other desired locations. By conducting a needs assessment the program planner along with the development committee will be able to identify the specific needs the target audiences wants. Below is a video explaining what a needs assessment is and ways to conduct one. What is a needs assessment. Planning and conducting needs assessments: A practical guide. Sage. Understanding adult learner needs. Depending what type of educational setting and participants the individual program is targeting will determine the needs that will be associated with the program. For example, A formal educational setting will target a professional or scholar while a in- formal setting will include a wider ranger of individual both of which will have different needs that will be addressed during the educational program (Merriam and Brockett, 2. Below are resources on identifying the correct need for each type of adult learner. Maslow's Hierarchy of needs. Simons, J. B., & Drinnien, B. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Retrieved October, 9, 2. Expanded Maslow's Hierarchy of needs. J., & Caffarella, R. Planning programs for adults. Handbook of adult and continuing education, 2. Merriam, S., & Brockett, R. The Profession and Practice of Adult Education, An Introduction (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. What Programs for Adult's Look Like. Planning Programs for Adult Learners ( 2nd ed.). San Fransico: Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company. Developing Program Objectives. The goal of program objectives is to clearly identify the results that will be achieved by the participant from the educational program or training (Caffarella, 2. These objectives should be developed during the planning process and advertised to potential program participants. Developing Program Objectives. Planning Programs for Adult Learners ( 2nd ed.). San Fransico: Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company. J., & Caffarella, R. Planning programs for adults. Handbook of adult and continuing education, 2. Creating Program Objectives. Tools for developing program objectives. When developing learning objectives it is important to use multiple levels of Bloom's Taxonomy to create multiple ways of thinking for the student to assist them in reading the learning objectives that are set. Developing SMART goals. Participants application to life. Transfer of learning is an important aspect of program planning. Caffarella (2. 00. Some resources to gain further knowledge on this subject: 1. Devising Transfer- of- Learning Plans. Planning Programs for Adult Learners ( 2nd ed.). San Fransico: Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company. Problem- Based Learning: A Learning Environment for Enhancing Learning Transfer. New Directions For Adult & Continuing Education, 2. Transfer of Learning. Why a program did not succeed. Often times there are stations where a program does not go as planned our the outcomes the program planner had expected did not occur. Program failures can happen to any program planner however, one important aspect of a program failure to remember is to learn from the mistakes (Mills, 1. Listed below are multiple resources which indicate why programs fail and how to address these failures. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 1. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 1. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 1. Evaluations can be used before a program begins, during a program, and after a program. All of these techniques are beneficial to collecting data to evaluate. Below is resources to use to assist with creating a program evaluation for your program. What is a program evaluation? Program Evaluation. Models to assist with creating evaluations. Kirkpatrick's 4 Levels. Program Evaluation Steps. Program Evaluation Steps. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved July 2. Resources: 1. Planning Programs for Adult Learners: A Practical Guide for Educators, Trainers, and Staff Developers. The Jossey- Bass Higher and Adult Education Series. Jossey- Bass/Pfeiffer. Clark, M., & Caffarella, R. Theorizing Adult Development. New Directions For Adult & Continuing Education, 1. Planning in the Face of Power. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1. Merriam, S., & Brockett, R. The Profession and Practice of Adult Education, An Introduction (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 1. Planning Programs for Adult Learners: A Practical Guide - Rosemary S. Caffarella, Sandra Ratcliff Daffron. Planning Programs for Adult Learners, Third Edition covers the development of adult education programs in clear, specific detail. This popular step- by- step guide contains information on every area of program planning for adult learners, from understanding the purpose of educational programs to obtaining suitable facilities to incorporating technology appropriately. For educators and practitioners for whom planning programs is a full- time responsibility or only a part of their jobs, as well as volunteers in a variety of organizations, will find this book to be an essential tool. Grounded in a variety of program planning models, the new edition includes: new refinements to the 1.
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